3,6-Dimethyl-2,5-pyrazinediformyl chloride was synthesized by oxidation and acylating chlorination from 2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyrazine. The aroma precursor compound of di (1-octen-3-yl)-3,6-dimethyl-2,5-pyrazinedicarboxylate was synthesized by esterification with 1-octen-3-ol and 3,6-dimethyl-2,5-pyrazinediformyl chloride. The structure of di (1-octen-3-yl)-3,6-dimethyl-2,5-pyrazinedicarboxylate was confirmed by 1HNMR, 13CNMR, IR and HRMS spectra. The thermal property of DMPOE was measured by the thermogravimetric (TG-DTG-DSC) analysis and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) analysis. The results showed that: The synthetic product was the target compound; The TG curve showed that the largest mass loss occurred from 220 to 360 ℃, with weight loss of 85.2%. The target compound degraded began from 225.9 ℃, and the weightlessness rate reached the maximum at 312 ℃ with 65.48% of weightlessness. Nine kinds of typical products were identified by pyrolysis analysis, and main pyrolysis products were 2,5-dimethyl pyrazine, 1-octen-3-ol and 2-isobutyl-3-methylpyrazine which were aroma components. With adding of 0.75 mg/kg to typical middle flavor style flue-cured tobacco, it could improve the smoking quality, increase the aroma quantity, reduce offensive odor and irritation and modify the smoke.