Abstract: The hydrothermal method was applied to prepare carbon based solid acid catalyst which was named by glucose-sodium bisulfate monohydrate-X（Glu-SBM-X）. The mass ratio of glucose and sodium bisulfate monohydrate was varied to obtain catalysts with different acid concentrations. The catalysts were identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), thermogravimetic analysis (TGA), which proved that the carbonaceous material possesses -SO3H groups. And the neat spherical structure was obtained. The catalytic performances of carbon based solid acid catalysts were carried out in the esterification of oleic acid with methanol. Meanwhile, the effects of the mass ratio of glucose and sodium bisulfate monohydrate, reaction temperatures, reaction time, the molar ratio of methanol and oleic acid on the conversion rate of the oleic acid were performed. The results showed that when the mass ratio of glucose and sodium bisulfate monohydrate was 1:4 and the the molar ratio of methanol and oleic acid was 10:1, the conversion rate of the oleic acid reached 95.20% after conducting the esterification reaction at 70 ℃ for 5 h . The catalyst showed excellent reusability because the conversion rate of the oleic acid remained above 92.6% after reusing for four cycles.