Hydroxyethyl cellulose is used as the hydrophilic polymer backbone, the hydrophobic agent allyl glycidyl ether (AGE) is grafted onto the hydroxyethyl cellulose backbone by etherification reaction, the suitable hydrophilic and lipophilic balance of hydroxyethyl cellulose are adjusted by adjusting the substitution of the hydrophobic allyl group, 2-hydroxy-3-allyloxypropyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (HAPEC) with temperature sensitivity was prepared. The transmittance change of the HAPEC aqueous solution with different temperature is studied by a temperature-controlled UV spectrophotometer and the lowest critical solution temperature (LCST) of HAPEC is determined. The study shows that LCST decreases linearly with the increase of molar substitution (MS) of hydrophobic allyl groups. When the MS of HAPEC increases from 1.30 to 2.71, the LCST decreases from 64.3℃ to 28.5℃. The results of this study indicate that the LCST of HAPEC can be adjusted by changing the MS of hydrophobic groups. The self-assembly behavior of amphiphilic HAPEC in aqueous solution is investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering (DLS) , the critical micelle concentration (CMC) is determined. The result shows that HAPEC can be self-assembled to be micelle in solution, and CMC decreases with the increase of MS. When the MS of HAPEC increases from 1.11 to 2.71, the CMC decreases from 0.145 mg/mL to 0.021 mg/mL. The biodegradation of HAPEC is studied according to ASTMD 5988-03, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to compare the morphology of HAPEC samples before and after degradation. The result shows that HAPEC has good biodegradability. After 90 days of degradation, the shape of HAPEC samples changes significantly, and the biodegradation rate is as high as 36.5%.