Cellulose textiles are flammable, and their application increases the possibility of fires, which poses a serious threat to people's lives. Flame retardant modification of cellulose textiles is an effective measure to improve its flame retardant performance. This article reviewed the different modification methods of cellulose textiles, and analyzed the research status of the flame retardant modification of cellulose textiles such as impregnation and coating finishing methods, graft modification and blending modification methods. At the same time, the factors restricting the development and application of flame retardant cellulose textiles were summarized, such as unstable system during preparation, poor flame retardant durability of products and the damage to mechanical properties. Finally, the development direction of flame retardant cellulose textiles was prospected. It was pointed out that the rational use of biomass raw materials, designing intelligent, multifunctional and flame retardant durable textiles is the future development direction of cellulose textiles.