The basic properties of supercritical CO2 fluid was introduced. Recent research progress of engineering apparatus system, engineering dyeing procedure and special dyes in supercritical CO2 fluid were reviewed at home and abroad. The obtained results showed that after years of development, supercritical CO2 fluid engineering dyeing apparatus for fibers, bobbins and fabrics have been started to launch in the market, which can guarantee the safe operation by employing an intelligent security interlock system. Engineering dyeing procedure technology for polyester in supercritical CO2 fluid is becoming mature, and has been made initial production applications worldwide. However, special dyes for natural fibers dyeing in supercritical CO2 fluid still have the problems of poor color fastness and easy to cause equipment corrosion. In addition, the problems that should strive to solve in the industrialization of supercritical CO2 fluid dyeing were put forward, including the establishment of special commercial dye system for supercritical CO2 fluid dyeing, the industrial amplification design of supercritical CO2 fluid dyeing apparatus and the amplification effect of supercritical CO2 fluid dyeing procedure.