Phosphorus is widely involved in the conversion of substances and energy in biochemical reactions and plays an important role in life sciences. It is regarded as the "regulatory center of life sciences". Many scientists have carried out deep and systematic studies in the design, synthesis and properties of phosphoric acid compounds due to the importance of phosphorus in life activities and the biocompatibility and interfacial friendliness of phosphorus compounds. On the basis of recent researches on phosphate compounds, especially phosphoric acid compounds, the present situation and progress in the design, synthesis and basic application of phosphoric acid compounds are reviewed in this paper. For phosphorus-based compounds, especially phosphate compounds, based on the research work in recent years, this article systematically reviews the current status and progress of design synthesis and basic application research of phosphate-type compounds. The Kabachnik-Fields reaction, Atherton-Todd reaction, Abramov reaction, Michaels addition reaction and coupling reaction involving the design and synthesis of phosphorus-containing target compounds were highlighted. The application field and development trend of phosphorous compounds based on the above reaction design and synthesis are also prospected.