The water permeability of the woven filter cloth directly affects the production efficiency of the filter equipment. In order to clarify the relationship between the material, microstructure and the water flux of the filter cloth, a dozen of woven filter cloth with control variables were customized for the research. FTIR, dynamic and static contact angles and surface energy measurements were measured on filter cloths of different materials, and the key indicators affecting the water flux were analyzed from the perspective of mechanism. The microstructure of the filter cloth was characterized by SEM, and the influence of weaving method, thickness and pore size on the water flux was analyzed, and a semi-empirical model between the microstructure of the filter cloth and the water flux was established. Results show that the hydrophilicity of the material is polypropylene>polycarbonate>polyamide, the corresponding water flux is 6.34, 5.75, 5.46 m/min, respectively. And hydrophilic materials have a larger water flux. The water flux under different weaving methods is the satin filter cloth>twill filter cloth>plain filter cloth, the factor of pore diameter and thickness are positively and negatively correlated with the through-water flux, respectively. The semi-empirical model between the fitted microstructure and the water flux can provide a theoretical reference for the selection of the woven filter cloth.