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·1744·                            精细化工   FINE CHEMICALS                                 第 38 卷

            成导电 MOFs,弥补了其在电催化领域导电性不足                               prospects, progress, policies, and environmental impact of solar
                                                                   photovoltaic power generation[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy
            的缺陷。新型材料虽然具备优异的性能,但其在制
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            的研究,在提高 MFC 整体性能的基础上改进工艺制                          [3]   SUN Y (孙怡),  YU L L  (于利亮),  HUANG H B (黄浩斌),  et al.
            备技术及降低成本有望尽早实现 MFC 在实际工程中                              Research trend and practical development of advanced oxidation
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            为电能的新型污水处理系统,在无需外加能源的条
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            件下就能实现污水的高效处理,在能源可持续利用                             [6]   GRANDCLEMENT C, SEYSSIECQ  I, PIRAM A, et al. From the
            以及废水回收及回用方面有着巨大的应用潜力。然                                 conventional biological wastewater treatment to hybrid processes, the
                                                                   evaluation  of organic micropollutant  removal: A review[J]. Water
            而,传统的电极材料面临着电子传递效能低下,催                                 Research, 2017, 111(15): 297-317.
            化能力不足等问题,极大地降低了 MFC 产电及污染                          [7]   ZANGO Z U, SAMBUDI N S, JUMBRI K, et al. An overview and
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            料的共同影响,因此,通过对阴/阳极电极材料进行                                Water, 2020, 12(10): 1-40.
            改性,有望提高产电量及污染物降解能力。对于可                             [8]   OLLER I, MIRALLES S, AGURA A, et al. Monitoring and removal
                                                                   of organic micro-contaminants by combining membrane technologies
            规模化应用的空气阴极型 MFC 体系,提高阳极兼容                              with advanced oxidation processes[J]. Current Organic  Chemistry,
            性、电化学活性以及电子传递效能,提高阴极氧催                                 2018, 22(11): 1103-1119.
            化还原活性及催化剂的耐久性对于强化整体 MFC                            [9]   LOGAN B E. Scaling up microbial fuel cells and other bioelectrochemical
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            碳基、导电聚合物、金属/金属氧化以及其他功能性                            [10]  ZHOU M H, CHI M L, LUO J M, et al. An overview of electrode
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            修饰材料改性电极,全面提高 MFC 电极的导电性、
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            生物相容性以及氧还原催化活性,强化 MFC 同步产                          [11]  LIU H,  RAMNARAYANAN R, LOGAN  B E. Production of
            电及污染物降解。但就发展及工业化角度而言还存                                 electricity during  wastewater treatment using a single chamber
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            在很多挑战:                                                 38(7): 2281-2285.
                (1)优化制备工艺:表面处理、涂覆、不同材                          [12]  HE Z, MINTEER S D, ANGENENT L T. Electricity generation from
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            操作步骤繁琐,不适合大规模应用等问题;                                [13]  PASTERNAK G, GREENMAN J, IEROPOULOS I. Comprehensive
                (2)开发新型材料:合成高效、环保、廉价的                              study on ceramic  membranes for low-cost microbial fuel cells[J].
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            新材料是研究人员的努力方向之一,此外,利用天                             [14]  ZHENG L S (郑琳姗), ZHANG X  L  (张秀玲), LI C J (李从举),
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            为一种可行的办法;
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                (3)与其他工艺相结合:目前 MFC 耦合其他                            in real-world microbial fuel cell applications[J]. Current Opinion in
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            足等问题,不同系统之间的协同作用为 MFC 的工程                              integration with anaerobic treatment processes and membranebioreactors
            化应用提供了新机遇,但在系统集成、过程控制及                                 for simultaneous efficient wastewater/sludge treatment and energy
                                                                   recovery[J]. Biomass and Bioenergy, 2020, 141: 105726-105755.
            后期维护等方面的问题还有待研究人员解决。
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                 总而言之,未来还需进一步优化工艺,开发经                              for bioelectrochemical treatment of different wastewater streams[J].
            济可行的新型电极材料,使其适应含各种复杂污染                                 Fuel, 2019, 254: 115526-115543.
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            物的废水。此外,接下来的研究还应考虑在实际工                                 treatment[J]. Taylor & Francis, 2017, 47(21): 2100-2131.
            程中的应用,如电极材料的放大、耐冲击负荷性、耐                            [19]  JIMENEZ B P, CRESPIERA M S, AMANTIA D, et al. Non-precious
            腐蚀性、电极表面耐结垢性以及材料的长期稳定性。                                metal doped carbon nanofiber air-cathode for microbial fuel cells
                                                                   application:  Oxygen  reduction reaction characterization and  long-term
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