A type of filler La2O3/Al2O3-Al solid base catalyst for catalytic distillation was prepared via a hydrothermal synthesis route using lanthanum nitrate as the raw material and anodic aluminum oxide as the template. The catalytic activity of La2O3/Al2O3-Al was evaluated by self-condensation of acetone as a probe reaction. The catalysts were characterized by means of XRD and SEM. The results showed that the optimum condition was as follows: the molar ratio of La(NO3)3• nH2O to NH3•H2O was 1:8, the oil bath temperature was 160 ℃, the oil bath time was 10 h, the calcination temperature was 550 ℃ and the calcination time was 2 h in an N2 flow. Under the above conditions, the conversion of acetone was 4.1 % and the selectivity towards diacetone alcohol was 98 %.