A kind of ionic liquid surfactant 1-(threetrimethylsilylmethyl)-3-decyl imidazolium chloride was prepared in an unmodified microwave oven by quaternary ammonium reaction of chloromethyltrimethylsilane with N-decyl imidazole, which was synthesized using imidazole, sodium hydroxide and bromodecane as materials through alkylation reaction. The structure of the intermediate and the target product were characterized by IR、1HNMR and 13CNMR. At the same time, the thermal stability, foaming properties and surface activities of the target product were measured. The results show that complete decomposition temperature of 1-(threetrimethylsilylmethyl)-3-decyl imidazolium chloride was 297℃. The foaming power increased with increasing concentration of the surfactant, but the foam stability at different concentration was low. Moreover, the critical micelle concentration (cmc) of the ionic liquid surfactant was 4.12mmol/L and the surface tension at cmc was 25.13mN/m at 25 ℃.