A hydrophobic association polymer containing pyridine ionic liquid was synthesized by oxidation-reduction initiator system using acrylamide, acrylic acid, N-allyl oleamide and 3-allylaminocarbonyl-1-ethylpyridine bromide. The copolymer was characterized by IR and 1H NMR, and the thickening property, shear thinning, temperature resistance, salt tolerance and flooding capability of it were studied. The results showed that the apparent viscosity of 2000 mg/L copolymer solution could reach 510.3 mPa穝, and it could remain 27.2 mPa穝 under 510 s-1 and 42.8 mPa穝 at 90 oC. When the copolymer was dissolved in 10000 mg/L NaCl、1500 mg/L MgCl2 and CaCl2 solutions, the apparent viscosity of them were 21.8，27.4 and 27.0 mPa穝, respectively. The stimulating displacement experiment indicated that the recovery ratio of copolymer solution was enhanced 11.4%.