Abstract: Four decomposable rosin based ester surfactants were obtained by acyl chlorination, esterification, phosphate reaction and salt formation using dehydroabietic acid recrystallized from disproportionation rosin as raw material. The structures of rosin based surfactants were identified by FT-IR and NMR. Critical micelle concentration (CMC), the surface tension, the foam performance (FP), and the emulsifying properties (EP) were also discussed. The research showed that I, II, SAA-III and SAA-IV had good surface activity, the CMC values were 4.69×10-3 mol/L, 5.15×10-3 mol/L, 2.65×10-3 mol/L and 1.71×10-3 mol/L, respectively. The γcmc values were 48.2 mN/m、41.4 mN/m、34.6 mN/m and 33.2 mN/m. The surface properties of rosin phosphate esters were superior to rosin esters, and the times for 10 mL water out from paraffin/water emulsion system were 11 s、128 s、90 s and 98 s. The initial foam heights of the surfactants were 16 mm、18.5 mm、18 mm and 23 mm. The foam heights were 6 mm、4 mm、4 mm and 11.5 mm after 5 minutes. Hydrophobicity of rosin based ester surfactants I and II were weaker, and the cloud point temperature was about 90 °C. The Kraff temperature of rosin phosphate esters SAA-III and SAA-IV was about 40°C. The cloud point and krafft point increased while carbon chain lengthened. The decomposition performance study of surfactant SAA-III shows that it can be decomposed completely in the pH = 3 and 11, 140 °C and 180 °C. The experiment suggests that SAA-III may be a phosphate source of organic phosphorus.