Hydrocalumite was synthesized by the cleaning method and coprecipitation method, and then calcined at 400-800℃ to obtain a calcined hydrocalumite catalyst. The surface area, crystal structure, surface alkali strength and alkali amount were characterized by BET, XRD and CO2-TPD, respectively, and applied to the catalytic synthesis of glycerol monostearate (GMS). Among them, the surface of the calcined hydrocalumite strong base prepared by the clean method is relatively high, which has better catalytic performance, simple preparation process and high atomic utilization rate. Under the optimized reaction conditions of n (glycerol): n (methyl stearate) = 5.0:1, catalyst dosage 5% (based on the mass of fatty acid methyl ester), 200℃ and 5 h, the GMS content (periodic acid oxidation method) in the crude product was as high as 82.7%.