Carbon paper precursors were prepared from plant fiber pulp and aramid pulp and carbon fiber respectively. Polypyrrole-carbon fiber (PPY-CF) was prepared by using different kinds of oxidants and dopants and changing the concentration of pyrrole (PY-CF) paper-based composite. By testing the volume resistivity, the effects of different kinds of pulp precursors, different kinds of oxidants and dopants and changing PY concentration on the volume resistivity of PPY-CF paper-based composites were discussed. The results showed that the precursors were prepared by using aramid pulp and carbon fiber, and the ammonium persulfate (APS) was used as the oxidant, sodium sulfonate-2-sulfonate (AQS) was used as the dopant, and the PY concentration was 0.75 mol/L. The prepared PPY-CF paper-based composite material has the lowest volume resistivity, and its value is 0.152 Ω·cm.