Abstract: α-acylation reactions of a series of β-dicarbonyl compounds were carried out in a deep eutectic solvent (DES) using benzoyl chloride derivatives and β-dicarbonyl compounds as raw materials, the catalytic mechanism for the reaction was investigated. The effects of reaction temperature, time, types and the amounts of DES on the product yields were investigated. The best yield can be obtained by reacting at 120℃ for 4 h in 10% mol deep eutectic solvent composed of choline chloride and Zinc chloride, the yield can reach 86%-94%. DES still maintained high catalytic activity after reused 4 times. The reaction conditions of the process were green and mild.