Phospholipid-chitosan self-assembled nanoparticles were prepared to embed nuciferine to improve its stability. The encapsulation rate was used as the index to explore the best preparation process. At the same time, the storage stability, digestion stability and in vitro release characteristics of the nanoparticles were evaluated. The results showed that under the original solvent injection method, the encapsulation rate was found to be only 20.08%. Using the modified solvent injection method, it was found that the maximum encapsulation rate was 51.13% when the water-soluble vitamin E with a mass fraction of 2% was added to the chitosan aqueous phase. At this time, the average particle size of the nanoparticles was 142.23nm, the potential was + 24.57mV, and the appearance was similar to a spherical shape. Self-assembled nanoparticles can significantly improve the storage stability of nuciferine (p <0.05), and the half-life of nuciferine at room temperature (25 ℃) was increased from 36.2d to 53.1d, and at low temperature (4 ℃) was increased from 56.2d to 86.2d. The self-assembled nanoparticles increased the retention rate of nuciferine after gastrointestinal digestion from 20.29% to 82.98% in the digestion stability experiment, and showed a certain sustained release in the in vitro simulated release experiment.