Two salicylaldehyde Schiff base fluorescent compounds SSB1 and SSB2 were synthesized from salicylaldehyde, hexanediamine and o-phenylenediamine by the condensation reaction of aldehyde group and amino group. The compound SSB2 were made into printing pastes with different fluorescent dye concentrations for printing cotton fabrics. The surface morphology, chemical structure, chromatography and thermal stability of the obtained compounds were characterized. The fluorescent properties, color properties and color fastness of the fluorescent printed cotton fabric were investigated. The results showed that the yields of SSB1 and SSB were 88.8% and 86%, the relative maximum fluorescence intensities were 8305 and 5444, and the phase transition temperatures were 75 ℃ and 165 ℃, respectively; The soaping fastness of the obtained fluorescent cotton fabric can reach up to grade 4. When the dosage of SSB2 fluorescent dye is 10%, the best color depth and fluorescence intensity can be obtained respectively.