Microemulsions were prepared using biosurfactant sophorolipid, and the simulation experiments of innocuous treatment and resource recovery of soil polluted by crude oil were carried out. The effects of the addition amount of sophorolipid and NaCl on the removal of crude oil were investigated by Fixing diesel oil addition amount, and the parameters of oily soil cleaning were optimized. Results showed that the optimal microemulsion formula was w(sophorolipid)=6%, w(NaCl)=1%, w(diesel)=13.36%. The optimized cleaning conditions were as follows, liquid solid ratio of 2:1, temperature of 35℃, stirring rate of 600 r/min, and cleaning time of 20 min. Under these conditions, the oil removal efficiency reached the highest value of 95.95%. Comparison between the original and the recovered crude oil and soil samples was done. It was found that the saturated alkanes content in the recovered oil became higher, while the content of aromatic, resin and asphaltene were lower than the original crude oil, and at the same time, the ash content and the density of the recovered oil were higher, while the viscosity was lower. The recovered oil showed certain economic value. The pH of the treated soil and total salinity decreased, while the organic matter content increased, and the soil was changed from heavy saline-alkali type to mildly saline-alkali type. The seed germination experiment proved that the soil toxicity was reduced to a certain extent after the treatment and was suitable for some plant growth.