The frequent occurrence of oil spills at sea and the large amount of oil-bearing and industrial wastewater cause large-scale pollution of water resources and serious damage to the balance of ecosystem. At present, more and more commercial and academic attention has been paid to the separation of oil and organic pollutants from water. Graphene-based aerogels are three dimensional macroscopical materials assembled from two-dimensional graphene sheets. Because of their high porosity, large specific surface area, low density and strong mechanical properties, it has a broad application prospect in the field of oil-water separation and has become one of the research hotspots. The latest research progress of graphene-based aerogels in structural design, assembly and drying methods are systematically summarized in this review. Its application in oil-water separation is also summarized in recent years. The research status and future research directions of graphene based aerogels in the field of oil-water separation are briefly reviewed, in order to provide a new perspective for further exploration in this field.