In order to meet the demand for ecological flame retardancy of silk fabric, adenosine phosphate (AMP) was introduced into silk fabric with the catalysts of 1 - (3-dimethylaminopropyl) - 3-Ethyl carbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS). The chemical structure, surface morphology and element content of the silk fabric before and after modification were characterized by FTIR, SEM and EDS. The flame retardancy and thermal stability were characterized by limit oxygen index tester, vertical flammability tester, cone calorimeter and thermogravimetric analyzer. The tensile breaking properties, fabric style and other physical and mechanical properties of the silk fabric before and after modification were tested. The results showed that there were obvious particle-like coverings on the surface of modified silk fabric, and phosphorus elements were evenly distributed. When the weight gain of modified silk fabric reached 13.3%, the limit oxygen index value reached 30.10%. Compared with the original silk fabric, the weight loss, heat release rate and damage length were decreased by 13.1%, 30.6% and 11.1 cm, respectively. After 50 times of washing, the limit oxygen index of modified silk fabric value reached higher than 25%, indicating that the modified silk fabric had a relatively good washing resistance.