The proposal of carbon emission peak and carbon neutrality target makes the heat of hydrogen energy continue to rise. The breakthrough of hydrogen production technology is the key bridge for hydrogen energy to connect the energy consumption terminal. The hydrogen production by photocatalytic water splitting technology is an effective way to realize the low-carbon transformation of solar energy. In recent years, the hydrogen production by photocatalytic water splitting by metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) materials with high specific surface area and porosity, adjustable structure and abundant active sites is a research hotspot. The modification principles, technical difficulties and hydrogen production effects of semiconductor composite, metal ion doping, sensitizer modification and noble metal deposition methods in photocatalytic water splitting based on MOFs materials at home and abroad are reviewed and commented. The roles of above MOFs modification methods in inhibiting photogenerated electron hole pair recombination, optimizing the band gap of MOFs and increasing the active sites of MOFs are emphatically expounded and compared. The future research directions of MOFs photocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen production were proposed, which can deepen the development of new MOFs materials, optimize the sensitizer modification process and expand the advanced characterization methods.