Bacterial infection has always been a difficult problem in food, medicine, biomedicine and so on. The discovery of antibiotics alleviated the demand for antimicrobial materials, but also led to the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop natural antimicrobial agents and antibacterial materials with strong antibacterial activity and high biological safety. At present, antibacterial enzyme has a wide application prospect in medical machinery, food, medicine, cosmetics and so on, and it is of research significance to resist the formation of microorganisms and biofilms. In this review, we describe several common antimicrobial enzymes and antimicrobial enzyme systems, as well as the combination of antimicrobial enzymes and materials to obtain enzymatic bio-modified antibacterial materials. This new type of antibacterial material immobilized the bioactive antibacterial enzyme into the carrier material by the method of immobilized enzyme, which can improve the stability of antibacterial enzyme and expand its application range. Therefore, this study opens the door for the production and application of antimicrobial enzymes as new antimicrobial agents and green preservatives in food, medical and other fields.