Solar-driven atmospheric water harvesting (SAWH), inspired by solar interface evaporation and passive radiation cooling, produces freshwater in a green and sustainable manner. It has the advantages of being free from geographical constraints and has great potential in solving the crisis of freshwater resources. In recent years, in order to better realize the application of SAWH, researchers have continuously optimized the moisture absorption materials, the core component of solar-driven atmospheric water harvesting technology, and developed a variety of moisture absorption materials such as moisture absorption salts, zeolites, silica gel, and MOFs. At the same time, new progress has been made in the design and improvement of water gathering devices. In this paper, SAWH is comprehensively reviewed, and different moisture absorption materials suitable for solar-driven atmospheric water harvesting are combed, and the properties of the materials are compared. Different solar-driven atmospheric water gathering systems are analyzed, and the potential applications of water gathering systems under different climatic conditions are discussed. The development direction of this technology is prospected, which provides theoretical guidance and technical support for the application and promotion of SAWH.