CCUS is an important way for green development of the energy industry. Compared with traditional processes such as chemical absorption, pressure swing adsorption, and cryogenic distillation, membrane separation method has the advantages of low energy consumption, high efficiency, miniaturization, environmental-friendly and easy integration with other technologies. At present, the selection and modification of membrane materials and the reconstruction of membrane structure are the keys to improving the separation performance. This paper summarizes and compares the research progress of organic polymer membranes, inorganic membranes and mixed matrix membranes, and reviews their separation mechanism, separation performance, modification research and filling materials used to prepare mixed matrix membranes. The research direction of improving the performance of CO₂ separation membrane materials and the challenges faced by membrane separation technology are further prospected.