The MOF-199@ACF adsorbent was prepared by using MOF-199, a metal-organic framework material with good selectivity to H2S, loaded with activated carbon fiber (ACF) under hydrothermal conditions. The H2S removal performance of the adsorbent was evaluated by a fixed bed reaction device. The phase composition of MOF-199@ACF was characterized by nitrogen adsorption/desorption, XRD, EDS, SEM and XPS. The effects of ACF loading capacity, adsorption temperature and relative humidity on the H2S removal performance of MOF-199@ACF were investigated, and the possible reaction mechanism of MOF-199@ACF in the H2S removal was investigated. The results showed that the H2S emergence time of MOF-199@1%ACF with 1%ACF load was delayed to 405 min compared with 180 min of MOF-199, and the sulfur penetration capacity was increased from 7.2 mg/g to 14.5 mg/g. ACF loading of 1% did not interfere with the stable structure of MOF-199 crystallization. The coordination of ACF roughened the MOF-199@1%ACF surface, exposing more adsorption sites and increasing the specific surface area (from 1108.6 to 1978.3 m2/g). MOF-199@1%ACF is mainly activated adsorption by chemical adsorption, and increasing the temperature (30-70 ℃) can accelerate the adsorption rate. A moderate amount of water vapor (relative humidity 10%) helps to improve performance (penetration sulfur capacity 14.8 mg/g).