Biomass materials are materials derived from living organisms with renewable and degradable characteristics, and their structures are rich in a variety of active groups, which can produce strong interactions with electrode active materials such as hydrogen bonding, ion-dipole and chemical bonding. Traditional oil-soluble binders have poor adhesion ability, volatile solvents and a certain degree of toxicity, which is contrary to the concept of green development and environmental protection. In order to achieve carbon peak and carbon neutrality, it is of great significance to introduce biomass into battery binders to replace oil-soluble traditional binders. This paper reviews the characteristics of biomass binders, the mechanism of interaction with active materials, focuses on and summarises the application of biomass binders in lithium-ion batteries and sodium-ion batteries, and looks ahead to the direction of the development of biomass binders in the field of electrochemistry. Future research should still focus on the modification of natural biomass to combine good adhesion, dispersion, electrical conductivity and self-healing properties, in order to better utilise the structural and functional properties of biomass materials for the preparation of binders for lithium-ion batteries and sodium-ion batteries.