The article provides a review of the reaction mechanism, fluorination catalysts, and synthetic processes for chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) substitutes or intermediates through the gas-phase fluorine-chlorine exchange. The gas-phase fluorine-chlorine exchange reaction belongs to the Swartz reaction over catalyzed by fluorination catalysts, which is mainly used for the synthesis of C1~C6 CFCs substitutes or intermediates, as well as a series of heteroatom fluorides used in important fields such as lithium batteries and fluorine-containing pharmaceuticals, with the characteristics of being environmentally friendly, highly efficient, and easily scalable for large-scale production. The future development trend of gas-phase fluorine-chlorine exchange is discussed, and the focus of future research is proposed to study the theoretical basis of chromium-based catalysts for gas-phase fluorine-chlorine exchange reactions, develop gas-phase fluorine-chlorine exchange process technologies for high-carbon chloroalkanes, and explore the application of gas-phase fluorine-chlorine exchange technology in new energy and fluorine-containing pharmaceutical fields. These directions could be research priorities in the field of fluorine chemistry in the future.