Agricultural and forestry biomass, as a cheap and easily available renewable resource, is naturally rich in carbon sources and porous channels. New porous chemical materials with excellent properties can be obtained by car-bonization, activation and other composite modification methods, which has broad application prospects in energy storage. Especially in the application of lithium-ion batteries, biomass-derived porous carbon can improve the cycle performance, capacity and rate performance of batteries. The latest research progress and development status of bio-mass-based anode materials for lithium-ion batteries at home and abroad are reviewed, and the electrochemical per-formance of biomass-based (rice husks, corn stalks, cotton and fruit husks, et al.) anode materials for lithium-ion bat-teries is mainly introduced. In addition, the existing problems of biomass-based anode materials are also discussed, and the future development direction of biomass in the field of energy storage is prospected, which provides new ways and strategies for the synthesis of new carbon materials in chemical industry and the sustainable development of lithium-ion batteries.