As an emerging green sustainable recycling material, biodegradable food packaging materials have been widely used in the field of food packaging because of their properties such as easy regeneration of raw materials, easy degradation after use, safety and harmlessness, etc. This article reviews food packaging materials prepared from different raw materials, as well as biodegradable food packaging materials with different functions developed to meet the diverse needs in the market. It also focused on the research progress, degradation mechanism and industrialization prospects of natural polymer (starch, cellulose, lignin, protein)-based food packaging materials and synthetic polymer (polylactic acid, polyvinyl alcohol)-based food packaging materials. Among them, natural polymer-based food packaging materials are rich in sources, harmless to the human body, and have the advantages of good formability and strong permeability resistance, while synthetic polymer-based food packaging materials have better transparency and mechanical properties, and both are naturally occurring in nature. All can be naturally degraded. Finally, it pointed out the challenges faced in the current research on biodegradable food packaging materials and that in future development, more emphasis should be placed on recycling and degradable comprehensive utilization, and more efforts should be made to prepare new biodegradable materials with excellent antibacterial, moisture-proof, breathable and other multi-functional properties. Degradable food packaging materials to meet different types of food packaging needs.