In order to explore the effect of drying methods on the drying characteristics and volatile composition of longan pulp, hot air drying (HAD), microwave vacuum drying (MVD) and vacuum freeze drying (VFD) were used to pretreat longan pulp. The classical thin-layer drying mathematical model was used to fit the drying process of longan pulp in three ways, and the volatile components of longan pulp treated by headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) combined with electronic nose sensor were detected and analyzed, cluster analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis were used to clarify the differences in volatile components between samples and the characteristic volatile components. Results showed that the drying rate of the three drying methods is MVD> HAD>VFD. Weibull distribution model was found to be the most suitable mathematical model for predicting the drying characteristics of three drying methods; HAD and MVD had significant effects on the color of longan pulp（P＜0.05）, while VFD better maintained the original color; A total of 89 volatile components in 9 categories were detected before and after drying, 59 ,47, 52 and 52 volatile components were detected in fresh longan and longan treated with HAD, MVD and VFD, respectively. The nine volatile components were alcohols, olefins, esters, aldehydes, ketones, alkanes, aromatic hydrocarbons, heterocyclic and phenols, among which olefins and esters had the highest relative contents. Twenty-six characteristic volatile substances played an important role in distinguishing the four samples.