Using neopentylene glycol (NPG), terephthalic acid (PTA) and polyols of different structures as precursors, polyester resin (PE) was synthesized by vacuum polycondensation after melting esterification and dehydration, and then using flexible monomer dodecanediacid (DDDA) for end-sealing reaction. The PE was cured with triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC) to prepare the low temperature curing powder coating (CPE), and then the coating (TPE) was prepared by baking at 160 ℃ for 10 min. Combined with FTIR, 1HNMR, XRD, SEM, TGA, DSC, storage stability, water contact angle, and salt spray experiments, the effects of diols with different structures on the heat resistance, water resistance, anti-blooming, and salt spray resistance of polyester resin, CPE and TPE were investigated. The results show that the glass transition temperature of polyester resin PE-5 synthesized by saturated six-membered ring structure 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM) can reach 56.65 ℃, and the temperature of 5% loss of mass reaches 401.06 ℃. The powder coating CPE-5 prepared therein is loose and not agglomerated at 40 ℃ after 24 h of storage, and has excellent stability in storage. The microstructure of the coating TPE-5 is dense, with good hydrophobicity and the water contact angle can reach 109.35°. The light retention rate is as high as 92.63% after the anti-blooming test, and there is no obvious blistering phenomenon in the salt spray corrosion resistance of 500 h.