The nanoscale latex fluorescent pigment was prepared by miniemulsion polymerization method. The effects of solvent yellow 43 concentration, structure and amount of emulsifier and co-emulsifier, amount of initiator and ultrasound treatment time on its performance were investigated. The results indicated that the optimized synthesis conditions were that the concentration of DNS-86 was 19.11 mmol/L, the mass ratio of solvent yellow 43, hexadecane and initiator based on the weight of monomers was 1.5%, 1.5% and 0.75% respectively, the ultrasound treatment time was 9 min. The nanoscale latex fluorescent pigment prepared under the optimal conditions shows excellent stability with particle size of 162.1 nm. The maximum fluorescence emission wavelength of the nanoscale latex fluorescent pigment was 517 nm, and the maximum absorption wavelength was 425 nm.