Benzeneboronic acid polymer can form micro-crosslink net with xanthan gum through dynamic borate ester bond between benzeneboronic acid and diol of xanthan gum, and the ability can be applied in the chemical modification of xanthan gum. Ternary copolymers P(AM-co-DMAPAM-co-AMBB) with various copolymerization ratios were synthesized via aqueous free radical polymerization of acrylamide (AM), N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)acrylamide (DMAPAM) and 3-acrylamide benzene boric acid (AMBB) using 2,2'-azobis[2-methylpropionamidine] dihydrochloride (AIBA) as initiator. The structure and molecular weight of ternary copolymers were characterized by 1H NMR, FTIR, elemental analysis and light scattering technique, and the thickening, rheology, aging resistance and anti-interference properties of the composite system of ternary copolymers and xanthan gum were evaluated. The composite system of P(AM-co-DMAPAM-co-AMBB) and xanthan gum exhibited good tackify performance: the viscosity of the composite solution of the ternary copolymer with the molar ratio of AMBB equal to 1.0 mol% and xanthan gum increased by 43.8% in pure water and 56.4% in mineralized water (8074 mg/L). Besides, the composite system exhibited good aging resistance in pure water and mineralized water and good anti-interference to glycol and 1,3-propanediol.