The superabsorbent polymer was synthesized by using aromatic gum (KG), acrylic acid (AA), sulfamic acid(AA) and potassium perniobate as raw materials, ammonium persulfate (APS) as initiator and N，N'-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) as cross-linking agent. The structure and morphology were characterized by FT-IR, SEM and TG. The water retention rate, maximum water retention capacity and anti-evaporation performance of the polymer were measured. The content of KG, AA, AS, APS, MBA, and the effect of neutralization on the water absorption ratio were investigated. The destertification area was simulated, and the effect of superabsorbent polymer on soil water evaporation is measured. The results show that under the optimal synthesis conditions, the water absorption ratio of the polymer in deionized water, tap water and 0.9% NaCl (1110, 210 and 108 g/g, respectively) were higher than that of water retaining agent 1 and 2 and has a good Salt tolerance; within 12 h, water retention at 25 ℃,45 ℃ and 60 ℃ reached 54%, 14.4% and 8% respectively; The maximum water holding capacity was higher than water retaining agent 1 and 2 respectively ; Superabsorbent polymers could reduce soil water evaporation effectively.