N-Phenylpyrrolidine is synthesized from aniline and 1,4-butanediol dimethanesulfonate by microwave-assisted reaction in the presence of deacid reagent. Through single factor and orthogonal experiments, various factors influencing the yield are investigated. The optimal reaction conditions are obtained as follows: n(aniline) : n(1,4-butanediol dimethanesulfonate): n(potassium carbonate) = 1:1.3:1.3, reaction time 60 minutes, microwave power 200 W, reaction temperature 100 ℃, the yield 78.6 % of N-phenylpyrrolidine can be achieved in water under this condition. The optimal process conditions have advantages of rapid reaction, mild conditions, simple operation, high product purity, and environment-friendliness. So it is suitable for industrialized production.