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以实际刊发为准
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CHEN Hongxue, Zhang Zhihui, Bai Chengying, Song yutong
2025,42(3), DOI:
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Currently, due to the high demand for livestock and poultry farming and fisheries, tetracycline antibiotics are used in large quantities, which poses a threat to the environment and public health. This review introduces the main components of tetracycline antibiotics and their harm in the environment, and summarizes the methods of degradation and treatment of tetracycline antibiotics. This review mainly summarizes the advanced oxidation technology, the performance control strategy, and the new advanced oxidation strategy. Due to the difficult characteristics of tetracycline antibiotics, a single advanced oxidation technology cannot completely degrade them, and it is usually necessary to regulate and combine the performance of advanced oxidation technology to completely degrade them. At present, there are many new advanced oxidative degradation strategies with outstanding performance in degrading tetracycline antibiotics, including biological coupling chemistry, photocatalysis, photo-Fenton method, electric-Fenton method, ozone-electrochemical coupling method and low temperature plasma technology. These new approaches aim to achieve more comprehensive and effective degradation of tetracycline antibiotics.
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MA Peng-cheng, SHAN Bin, WANG Xin-bo
2025,42(3), DOI:
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Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a new type of crystalline porous material formed by covalent bonding organic units. They have the advantages of high porosity, periodic extension, structured regularity, and easy customization, and are considered ideal materials for preparing high-performance separation membranes. Multiple types of COFs with different bonding modes and different membrane preparation methods have been reported, becoming the foundation and key technology for the application research of COFs membrane separation, demonstrating enormous potential in liquid separation. This article reviews the classification of COFs materials and analyzes the characteristics of COFs connected by different covalent bonds; Emphasis was placed on analyzing the preparation strategies of continuous COFs membranes, including in situ growth, interfacial polymerization (IP), nanosheet stacking, layer by layer assembly, and electrochemical methods. The key technical points of COFs membrane preparation technology were pointed out, and the advantages and disadvantages of different film-forming methods were discussed; Explored the application progress of COFs membranes in liquid separation fields such as organic molecule removal, seawater desalination, and organic solvent nanofiltration in wastewater; Finally, the opportunities and challenges for the future development of COFs membranes were discussed.
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2025,42(3), DOI:
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Alkaline water electrolysis, as a highly attractive hydrogen production technology, largely depends on the performance of efficient electrocatalysts for cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction. Due to its relatively low price compared with Pt, Ru has similar metal hydrogen bond strength, and its stronger H2O dissociation ability than Pt, so it has quickly become one of the research hotspots in the research of hydrogen production by alkaline water electrolysis. In this review, the basic principle of hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline media are summarized. Factors affecting the performance of Ru-based catalysts and their regulation strategies are provided. Then a series of commonly used catalyst characterization techniques and methods are introduced. Then, the ruthenium-based catalysts are divided into metallic ruthenium, ruthenium-related compounds and single atom ruthenium. Various Ru-based catalysts have achieved significantly higher alkaline hydrogen evolution activity and stability than Pt/C by adjusting their composition and electronic structure. Finally, the problems and challenges in the basic research and industrial application on the application of Ru-based electrocatalysts in alkaline water electrolysis for hydrogen evolution were discussed.
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2025,42(3), DOI:
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Montmorillonite is widely used in wastewater treatment due to its unique structure and excellent cation exchange capacity. The adsorption of montmorillonite can be improved by regulating its morphology and structure. In this review, the modification methods, preparation principles and characteristics of montmorillonite were introduced, followed by summarization on several single modification methods and composite modification method, namely acid activation, organically modified, inorganic modification, inorganic-organic modification, biochar modification, and nanomagnetic modification. And the adsorption mechanism of modified montmorillonite for adsorbing heavy metals in water were analyzed. The research progress on the adsorption of heavy metal ions by modified montmorillonite in water were then reviewed. Finally, the optimal choice of adsorbent for adsorbing heavy metal ions by modified montmorillonite were disgussed, and it was pointed out that the synthesis of more environmentally friendly, efficient, and separable and recyclable composite modified montmorillonite adsorption materials is the main research direction in the future, providing useful references for the efficient recovery of heavy metal resources.
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LIU Wenlong, XIN Hanqi, LIU Lijia, WANG Yudan, DONG Hongxing
2025,42(3), DOI:
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4,4"-(1,4-phenylenebis(nitrilomethylidyne))-bis(2-methoxyphenol) (VPP), an aromatic imine compound, was synthesized from vanillin and p-phenylenediamine via a Schiff base reaction. Using VPP and bis(2-aminophenyl) disulfide (APD) as chain extenders, dynamic covalent bonds including aromatic imine bonds (Ar—C==N—Ar) and disulfide bonds (S—S) were introduced into polyurethane (PU) elastomers to prepare PU elastomer materials with sunlight-induced self-healing capabilities, denoted as PU-VPP-x [where x represents the molar amount of VPP (mmol), and the molar amount of APD is (8-x) mmol, the same below]. The chemical structures of VPP and PU-VPP-x were characterized by FTIR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR, and XRD. The visible light absorption of VPP was tested using UV-Vis. The effects of n(VPP):n(APD) on the thermal properties, mechanical properties, and self-healing performance of the synthesized PU-VPP-x were investigated based on TGA, DSC, a universal testing machine, and self-healing experiments. The results indicated that VPP exhibited a significant absorption peak at 388 nm in the visible light region, confirming its visible light absorption capability. PU-VPP-x was found to be an amorphous material. The PU-VPP-2 prepared by n(VPP):n(APD)=1:3, had a glass transition temperature of 5.58 °C, a tensile strength of 4.80 MPa, and an elongation at break of 582.34%. The self-healing efficiency under sunlight irradiation for 8 hours was 100.41%.
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2025,42(3), DOI:
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Abstract: Polyester polyurethane elastomers (PUEs) were synthesized using glutarate epoxycyclohexane diglycol (GCHD), modified polybutylene adipate (PBCHA) as the soft segment (SS), and dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate (HMDI) as the hard segment (HS). The effects of HMDI, glutarate GCHD, and catalyst addition on the thermal stability and mechanical properties of PUE were studied by FTIR, TG, DSC, tensile performance test, elongation at break test, etc. The results show that with the increase of HMDI mass fraction and GCHD molar fraction, the tensile strength first increases and then decreases, in which the mass fraction of HMDI is 21%, the molar fraction of GCHD is 4%, the tensile strength reaches the maximum of 16.44 Mpa, and the elongation at break decreases. The elongation at break decreased with the increase of modifier content, and the optimal elongation at break was 2337.38%.The elongation at break decreased with the increase of modifier content, and the optimal elongation at break was 2337.38%. With the increase of HMDI mass fraction, the highest thermal decomposition temperature of T10%, T50% and Tmax reached 362.65 °C, the highest T50% thermal decomposition temperature was 372.69 °C, and Tmax was 405.95 °C.
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LIU Yueneng, WU Yan-jie, CAO Meng-huan, SHAN Nan-shuo, GOU Xiang
2025,42(3), DOI:
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In order to develop CO2 absorbents with higher cyclic loading and lower regeneration energy consumption. Three systems were constructed: 2-EEMPA/DMF/H2O, 2-EEMP/AMP/DMF/H2O and 2-EEMPA/PZ/DMF/H2O, using N-(2-ethoxyethyl)-3-morpholinopropan-1-amine (2-EEMPA), 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) and piperazine (PZ) as active components and N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and water (H2O) as solvents. The CO2 absorption and desorption performance of the three systems at different ratios were studied and compared with the 30% MEA solution. The results showed that 30E20D50H, 20E10A40D30H and 20E10P40D30H were the best ratios for their respective systems. Among them, 20E10P40D30H absorbent performed the best, the first cycle loading reached 0.573 mol/mol, which was 2.09 times that of 30% MEA solution, and the desorption rate was 82.7% at 80°C, which was 28.1 percentage points higher than that of 30% MEA solution, and the desorption energy consumption was only 34.6% of 30% MEA solution. After five cycles of absorption and desorption, the CO2 absorption loading remained at 0.609 mol/mol, which was 65.0% higher than that of 30% MEA solution.
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WAN Jie, ZHANG Li-qing, ZHANG Qiong, HONG Liu, YANG Cheng
2025,42(3), DOI:
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Copper nanoparticle@fullerenol complex was synthesized through the hydroxylation of fullerene using C60 and CuCl2·2H2O as precursors by photochemical reduction method. The composition, morphology and particle size distribution of fullerenol and complex were characterized by FTIR, TGA, TEM, XPS and dynamic light scattering (DLS). 2,2-biphenyl-1-picrohydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging and zebrafish damage repair model experiment were used to investigate the antioxidant and biological repair properties of the complex. The results show that the chemical formula of fullerenol is C60(OH)24·11H2O, while copper nanoparticles with an average particle size of 8.6 nm were successfully coated on the surface of fullerenol, forming a complex with an average particle size of about 534 nm. the composite with a mass concentration of 0.1 mg/mL could scavenge nearly 100% DPPH radicals, and half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 0.0145 mg/mL. and the composite with 6.25×10-3% concentration had the best anti-inflammatory repair effect of 55%.
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LYU Bin, GUO Zhuo, GAO Dangge, ZHOU Yingying, MA Jianzhong
2025,42(3), DOI:
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Electromagnetic shielding collagen fiber/polyvinyl alcohol carbon aerogel was prepared by freeze-drying and high temperature carbonization using collagen fiber and polyvinyl alcohol obtained by hydrolysis of waste leather. The structures of collagen fiber/polyvinyl alcohol carbon aerogel were characterized by SEM XRD and Raman. The results show that the collagen fiber carbon aerogel has a porous network structure, and due to high temperature carbonization, the collagen fiber carbon aerogel appears graphitization. The effects of carbonization temperature on graphitization degree and electromagnetic shielding properties of carbon aerogel of collagen fiber were investigated. The results show that when the carbonization temperature is 800 ℃, the graphitization degree of collagen fibe carbon aerogel is the highest, and the total electromagnetic shielding performance reaches 60 dB. The wave absorption performance of collagen fiber carbon aerogel at carbonization temperature of 800 ℃ is analyzed. The results show that the maximum reflection loss of collagen fiber/PVA carbon aerogel can reach -28 dB, the effective absorption bandwidth is 4.2 GHz, and the peak attenuation constant of electromagnetic wave can reach 386, which has excellent electromagnetic shielding and wave absorption performance.
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2025,42(3), DOI:
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The study aimed to investigate the optimal preparation process of clove essential oil-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) slow-release bacteriostatic microspheres and their preservation effect on blueberries. Taking Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Penicillium as target strains commonly found in blueberries after picking, the essential oils with the best antibacterial effect were screened out by using the two-fold dilution method, and the best preparation process conditions of the microspheres were obtained by optimising the microspheres through response surface experiments using the microsphere embedding rate as an index. The structure and performance of the microspheres were characterised and applied to blueberries to test the effect of theirfreshness preservation. The results showed that clove essential oil had a better inhibitory effect on the three strains of bacteria; the optimal preparation process: 4% PVA solution, 2g Span 80,emulsification temperature 48 ℃, the microsphere embedding rate of up to 72.69%; scanning electron microscopy showed that the microsphere surface was smooth and regular spherical, withan average particle size of 43.16 μm, and the comparison of infrared spectral graphs of the PVA microspheres, the PVA raw material and the essential oil of clove shows that the clove essential oil was wrapped by PVA; in anhydrous ethanol and 3% acetic acid solution, the release rate of the microspheres was above 60%, which possessed the slow-release property; compared with the control group, the changes of various quality indexes of blueberry fruits in the microsphere-treated group were better than those in the control group. In conclusion, the clove essential oil-PVA slow-release bacteriostatic microspheres could delay the spoilage of blueberries and effectively maintain the quality of blueberries.
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FAN Wei-jia, CUI Xu-na, LIU Jia-yi, WANG Jie, WANG Ting-ting, FAN Zi-luan
2025,42(3), DOI:
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Using lingonberries ethanol extract and Lonicera japonica polyphenols as raw materials, a long-wave ultraviolet (UVA) induced oxidative damage model of Human hepatocellular carcinomas (HepG2 cells) was established to investigate the protective effect of Lonicera japonica polyphenols and lingonberries ethanol extract complex on UVA irradiated HepG2 cells and related enzyme activities, This includes the determination of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase (CAT) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, and changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) content after being irradiated with half lethal dose of UVA. The experiment showed that the survival rates of HepG2 cells pretreated with a 1:1 mixture of Lonicera japonica polyphenols and Lonicera japonica ethanol extract in low, medium, and high dose groups increased by 15.26%, 33.59%, and 66.14% compared to the model group, respectively; SOD activity increased by 10.72%, 32.43%, and 54.08%; CAT activity increased by 16.48%, 36.9%, and 116.2%; The activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) increased by 52.97%, 71.44%, and 117.14%; MDA concentration decreased by 17.12%, 31.22%, 59.41%. and ROS expression level significantly decreased. Research has confirmed that the 1:1 complex of ethanol extract from lingonberrie with Lonicera japonica polyphenols can alleviate oxidative stress damage in HepG2 cells induced by UVA irradiation by activating the antioxidant enzyme system and clearing ROS. This study lays the foundation for the research on sun protection and radiation resistance of lingonberries ethanol extract and Lonicera japonica polyphenols.
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YUAN Meng-yao, KANG Shu-he, CUI Lu-juan, ZHU Qing-qing, LI Sheng-shuo, GUO Jin-wang
2025,42(3), DOI:
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Ultrasound assisted water extraction method was used to extract Radix Hedysari polysaccharides from Radix Hedysari. Based on single factor experiments [ultrasound time, ultrasound temperature, solid-liquid ratio (g:mL), extraction frequency, and particle size], the three factors that have the greatest impact on the extraction rate of Radix Hedysari polysaccharides [ultrasound time, ultrasound temperature, solid-liquid ratio (g:mL)] were selected. Response surface methodology was used to optimize the extraction process conditions of Radix Hedysari polysaccharides. The scavenging ability of Radix Hedysari polysaccharides against 2,2"-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS+) radicals, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH radicals), superoxide anion radicals, and hydroxyl radicals, the inhibitory effect of tyrosinase monophenolases, as well as the moisture-absorbing and moisturizing properties were investigated. The results showed that ultrasound-assisted water extraction of Radix Hedysari polysaccharides from the powder of 45 mesh in particle size was carried out under the following conditions: ultrasonic power of 99 W, ultrasonic time of 43 min, ultrasonic temperature of 70℃, and material-liquid ratio (g:mL) of 1:21, and polysaccharides were extracted for three times, and the polysaccharides extraction rate was 23.90%±0.38%; The clearance rate of ABTS+ free radicals by Radix Hedysari polysaccharides at a mass concentration of 1.00 mg/mL was 89.67%, and the half inhibitory mass concentration (IC50) was 0.40 mg/mL; The inhibitory rate of Radix Hedysari polysaccharides with a mass concentration of 10.00 mg/mL on tyrosinase monophenolase is 54.14%, and the IC50 value is 8.06 mg/mL; Within 12 hours, in an environment with a relative humidity of 43%, the moisture absorption rate of Radix Hedysari polysaccharides (the percentage of the total mass of Radix Hedysari polysaccharides after water absorption to the mass of polysaccharides before water absorption) was 101.01%, and the moisture retention rate of Radix Hedysari polysaccharides reached 99.87% at a mass concentration of 10.00 mg/mL.
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HUA Ziyang, GUO Jian-shuang, LI Jian-long, LAI Chun-bo, LI Xue-kun
2025,42(3), DOI:
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Two types of silica gel supported metallocene catalysts, cat1 and cat2, with different aluminum zirconium contents, were prepared using polymethylaluminoxane (MAO) and bis (n-butylcyclopentadienyl) zirconium dichloride as metal sources and activated silica gel as carriers. The chemical composition and particle size distribution of cat1 and cat2 were characterized using FTIR, laser particle size analyzer, inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), and other methods. The effects of polymerization temperature and time on the catalytic activity and viscosity average molecular weight (Mv) of polyethylene were investigated using slurry polymerization, and the entanglement degree of polyethylene prepared by catalysts was characterized using DSC and rheological analysis. The results showed that the Al and Zr mass fractions of high metal loading cat1 were 21.26% and 0.70%, and the Al and Zr mass fractions of low metal loading cat2 were 7.37% and 0.20%. There were significant differences in the kinetics of catalytic ethylene polymerisation between cat1 and cat2 with different metal loadings. At polymerization temperatures of 70 and 60 ℃, the catalytic activity of cat1 and cat2 for ethylene polymerization reached 9200 and 5140 g (PE)/g (cat), respectively. The Mv of the prepared polyethylene was 3.20×105 and 3.70×105 g/mol, respectively; cat1 had relatively stable catalytic activity for ethylene, long catalyst life (8 hours), and overall high activity; The low Mv resin prepared by cat2 exhibited significant entanglement removal properties. Meanwhile, the entanglement degree of the resin increased with the increase of Mv.
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JI Xiao-yun, JIAO Zhi-feng, ZHAO Ji-xiao, LI Jia-hang, GUO Xiang-yun
2025,42(3), DOI:
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Catalytic hydrogenation of benzaldehyde using supported noble metal catalysts is an environmentally friendly production route. However, the stability and cyclability of these catalysts still need to be improved. In this work,Pd/SiC catalyst with the Pd mass fraction of 1% was prepared by a liquid phase reduction method, and the catalyst was found to have good catalytic performance. Under the reaction condition of 60 ℃, 0.5 MPa H2 and 30 min, the benzaldehyde conversion can reach 100%, and the phenyl methanol selectivity is greater than 99%. The TEM and XRD results show that the average diameter of the Pd particle is 4.8 nm. The XPS results show that the electron binding energies of Pd0 3d5/2 and Pd0 3d3/2 are significantly reduced, indicating that Pd obtained electrons from SiC. The in-situ FTIR results show that the adsorption and activation of benzaldehyde occur on the surface of SiC. Therefore, a plausible mechanism was proposed to describe the catalytic hydrogenation mechanism of benzaldehyde on Pd/SiC. During the catalytic reaction, H2 was dissociated on the surface of Pd particles and benzaldehyde was adsorbed and activated on the SiC surface, then dissociated hydrogen species spilled over to the SiC surface and reacted with the activated benzaldehyde there. Both the metal and carrier in Pd/SiC catalyst can be easily recycled, therefore it is an environmentally friendly hydrogenation catalyst.
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LUO Nana, LIU Siyuan, ZHANG Ying, WANG Jiasheng
2025,42(3), DOI:
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In order to prepare the Ni-based heterogeneous catalyst with high activity, easy separation and low cost, Ni-CeO2/SiO2 catalyst was prepared by reverse microemulsion method with nickel nitrate and cerium nitrate as raw materials and nano-SiO2 as support. The microstructure, composition, particle size distribution and electronic structure of the catalyst were characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, and XPS. Ni-CeO2/SiO2 catalyst was used to catalyze the hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to formic acid, and the influence of reaction condition on formic acid yield was investigated. The results show that Ni-CeO2/SiO2 is spherical, the morphology is regular, the average particle size is 60.7 nm, and the active component Ni-CeO2 is 1.5 nm, which belongs to nanoclusters. The Ni and Ce loading of Ni-CeO2/SiO2 are 2.5% and 2.1%, respectively. The specific surface area is 453 m2/g. The formic acid yield reached 77.8% with 0.1 mol/L aqueous solution of KHCO3 as CO2 source at 200 ℃ and 3 MPa in 2 h. The introduction of CeO2 can not only promote the dispersion of Ni, but also induce the electron transfer from Ni to CeO2 due to the difference of work function between Ni and CeO2, forming a Niδ+-(CeO2)δ? hetero junction which can induce the H2 heterocleavage, thereby improving the catalytic activity of Ni-CeO2/SiO2.
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LIU Zhijun, QIN Xinbo, LI Zhiyi, LIU Fengxia, XU Xiaofei, WEI Wei
2025,42(3), DOI:
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The core of the composite nanoparticles is constituted by quercetin (Que) and zein (Zein), while sodium caseinate (SC) or SC-sodium alginate (SA) serves as the shell. The nanoparticles are stabilized by a single layer of SC, which is embedded in a zein matrix. Double-shell-layer-stabilised Zein nanoparticles were prepared by antisolvent precipitation and electrostatic adsorption methods, with Que (Q-Z-SC) and SC-SA. These nanoparticles were embedded in the Que-Zein-SC-SA composite nanoparticles (Q-Z-SC-SA). The effects of m(Que)∶m(Zein) and m(SC)∶m(SA) on the particle size distribution and zeta potential of Q-Z-SC, Q-Z-SC-SA, and the embedding of Que were investigated under the condition of m(Zein)∶m(SC) based on the nanoparticle size and zeta potential analysis as well as the Que embedding rate test. The interaction mechanism of Q-Z-SC and Q-Z-SC-SA formation was explored by FTIR characterisation, and the effects of pH and ionic strength (NaCl solution concentration) on the stability of Q-Z-SC, Q-Z-SC-SA and Que release under simulated gastrointestinal conditions were analysed by stability and in vitro simulated release experiments. The results demonstrated that the average particle size of Q-Z-SC (Q1-Z25-SC25), prepared by a molar ratio of Que:Zein of 1∶25, was 158.2 nm, with a Que encapsulation rate of 79.53%. Q-Z-SC-SA, prepared by a molar ratio of Que∶Zein of 1∶25 and SC∶SA of 25∶7.5, exhibited an average particle size of 251.6 nm and a Que encapsulation rate of 90.71%. m(Que)∶m(Zein) = 1∶25 and m(SC)∶m(SA) = 25∶7.5 (Q1- Z25-SC25-SA7.5) with an average particle size of 251.6 nm demonstrated a significant increase in the encapsulation of Que, reaching 90.71%. The formation of the composite nanoparticles was driven by electrostatic, hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. Both Q1-Z25-SC25 and Q1-Z25-SC25-SA7.5 exhibited excellent pH and ionic strength stabilities, as well as the capacity to regulate the release of Que under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. The gastrointestinal conditions were simulated using the following parameters: gastric digestion stage (87.23% Que release rate) and enteric digestion stage (69.4% Que release rate). The Que release rates were 11.04% and 22.64%, respectively.
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XU Xiao-yan, ZHU Guo-bing, ZHANG Meng, GONG Lei, YI Xia, ZHU Jie
2025,42(3), DOI:
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Abstract: Radiofrequency cold plasma-assisted extraction technique was used to efficiently extract anthocyanins from purple maize cobs. The pretreatment parameters such as discharge power, pretreatment time and working air pressure were determined by single factor and response surface analysis experiments. Meanwhile, the composition of anthocyanins from purple corn kernel was analysed and identified using ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). The antioxidant properties of the extracted anthocyanins were also evaluated using Caenorhabditis elegans and chemical reagents, respectively. The results showed that the optimal conditions for cold plasma pretreatment were: discharge power of 127 W, processing time of 75 s, and working pressure of 150 Pa. The highest yield of anthocyanins reached (4.05±0.05) mg/g of corncob, which was 49.45% and 28.98% higher than that of the conventional solvent extraction(CSE) method and ultrasonic-assisted extraction(UAE) method, respectively. Anthocyanins in purple corncob were mainly composed of pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidin and petunidin-3-O-glucoside. Compared with CSE and UAE methods, the content of anthocyanins changed by cold plasma pretreatment. The content of pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside decreased, while the content of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside increased. Anthocyanins from purple maize cobs scavenged DPPH and ABTS radicals with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.2972 and 0.2770 mg/mL, respectively, which were were similar to the free radical scavenging ability of ascorbic acid. By feeding anthocyanins to C.elegans, they showed some excellent physiological behaviours such as 29.26% longer average life span, 26.25% higher antioxidant capacity and 60.83% lower reactive oxygen species levels.
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HUANG Lili, XU Kangkang, TANG Fengqin, LI Zhong, SUN Dan, HU Qunyang, SUN Yuan
2025,42(3), DOI:
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Urea electrolysis offers a promising approach for converting urea-rich wastewater into hydrogen, contributing to environmental preservation and sustainable energy production. The electrocatalytic urea oxidation reaction (UOR) holds great potential in replacing the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) for enhancing cathodic hydrogen evolution due to its lower equilibrium potential. However, conventional urea electrolysis processes suffer from drawbacks such as high energy consumption, high overpotential, and poor stability, necessitating the development of high-performance catalysts. In this study, a superior NiCo-LDHs/VMT catalyst prepared via a hydrothermal method exhibited efficient urea electrolysis, producing nitrogen gas under a current density of 10 mA·cm-2 and a potential of 1.35 V, as well as hydrogen gas under a potential of -0.225 V. These results demonstrate the potential of this method for industrial-scale urea electrolysis, providing insights for the high-value utilization of zeolite resources in Xinjiang and the efficient design of urea electrolysis catalysts.
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DONG Xin-yu, QIANG Jin-yuan, ZHANG Rong-le, BAI Qin-yu, YANG Jia-rui, CHEN Yang, WANG Hai, FENG Yong-qiang
2025,42(3), DOI:
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Nitrogen-doped graphite-carbon supported FeNi alloy nanoparticle composite electrocatalyst (C60/FeNiTPP-700-900) was successfully prepared by self-assembly and gradient annealing of fullerene (C60) and bimetallic porphyrin compound (TPP). The obtained materials were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS and electrochemical methods, and the properties of hydrogen evolution (HER) and oxygen reduction (ORR) were tested. The results showed that the hydrogen evolution overpotential of C60/FeNiTPP-700-900 was 164 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm-2 in 1.0 M KOH, and the catalytic stability of C60/FeNiTPP-700-900 was maintained for at least 20 h. In the ORR process, the half-wave potential reaches 0.824 V (relative to the reversible hydrogen electrode potential), and has good stability and methanol tolerance. This work provides a new idea for the design and preparation of high efficiency and low cost bifunctional electrocatalysts.
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XU Renkui, REN Yaping, MA Yuting, GU Dongjin, TAN Jihuai, ZHU Xinbao
2025,42(3), DOI:
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The SnCl4-bentonite-7 catalyst, loaded with SnCl4 on bentonite, was prepared for the catalytic aldol condensation reaction between 1,3,5-trioxane (TOX) and diethylene glycol butyl ether (DEGB) to synthesize diethylene glycol butyl ether formaldehyde (DBF).The catalyst"s structure and morphology were characterized by FTIR, SEM, and XRD. The effects of reaction temperature, the molar ratio of TOX to DEGB, and the percentage of cyclohexane as a hydrotrope (based on the total mass of TOX and DEGB) on the selectivity and yield of DBF were examined. DBF was used as a plasticizer for nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR), with its performance compared to the imported plasticizer TP-90B through mechanical tests and thermal aging experiments.The results show that the highest selectivity (98.2%) and yield (94.7%) of DBF were achieved at 110°C, with a TOX to DEGB molar ratio of 1:6.6, and a cyclohexane content of 30%, using 3% of the SnCl4-bentonite-7 catalyst. Compared to TP-90B, DBF/NBR demonstrated superior vulcanization characteristics, mechanical properties, and aging resistance. Specifically, the maximum torque of DBF/NBR (13.01 dN·m) was higher than that of TP-90B/NBR (12.85 dN·m), with shorter scorch time and optimum vulcanization time of 0.53 min and 1.42 min, respectively, compared to 0.55 min and 1.47 min for TP-90B/NBR. Additionally, DBF/NBR showed higher hardness, tensile stress at 100% elongation, elongation at break, tensile strength, and tear strength. During thermal aging tests, DBF/NBR exhibited significantly less variation in tensile and tear strength compared to TP-90B/NBR.
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Chen Zihao, Dai Lei, Long Zhu, Sun Chang
2025,42(3), DOI:
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In this work,this paper respectively modified wood flour with trimescic acid,citric acid and 3-chloro-2- hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride(CHPTAC), developed three novel modification wood flour, characterized and analyzed the modified wood flour. The modified wood flour was added to the waste pulp to prepare the packaging base paper, and its physical properties were examined and the reinforce mechanisms were elucidated. The results demonstrate that modified wood flour can significantly enhance the physical properties of packaging base paper compared to unmodified wood flour. Moreover, the effect of citric acid-modified wood flour is found to be superior to that of trimescic acid modified wood flour. Although ring crush strength and tear index of CHPTAC are slightly lower, the increase in breaking length has the most pronounced effect. Adition of 8% trimescic acid modified wood flour or 8% citric acid modified wood flour or 15%CHPTAC wood flour result in optimal properties of the packaging base paper with an increase by 37%,45%,29% of ring crush index,29%,45%,40% of braking length,8%,10%,6% of tear index respectively. Modified wood flour has better wet end properties compared to unmodified wood flour.
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LIN Xujie, WANG Lei, LI Xiaoling, LAI Xiaojuan, DANG Zhiqiang, LI Peng
2025,42(3), DOI:
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To enhance the temperature and salt resistance of fracturing fluid polymers in seawater, acrylamide (AM), 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS), 4-acryloylmorpholine (ACMO), and the nonionic hydrophobic monomer octadecyl polyoxyethylene ether methacrylate (OEMA) were used as monomers to prepare seawater-based instant temperature-resistant polymers (PAOAA) via aqueous solution polymerization. The structure and morphology were characterized using FTIR, 1H NMR, and SEM; PAOAA"s performance as a fracturing fluid was tested through thickening and rheological experiments. The results indicate that PAOAA can be dissolved in seawater within 2.0 minutes. The apparent viscosity of a 0.8% PAOAA solution is 108 mPa·s, demonstrating strong temperature and shear resistance. There is little difference in the endpoint viscosity at 100 and 170 s-1 shear rates, with values consistently over 50 mPa·s at different temperatures. The sulfonic acid groups in monomer AMPS shield salt ions in seawater, enhancing the water solubility of PAOAA; Heterocyclic ACMO enhances the rigidity of PAOAA molecular chains; The nonionic hydrophobic monomer OEMA allows PAOAA to form associative microdomains, improving its temperature resistance. The combined effects of these monomers result in the instantaneous and temperature-resistant properties of PAOAA.
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CHEN Yang-fang, BAI Yang, DUAN Yi-hao, GAO Teng-teng, FEI Gui-qiang
2025,42(3), DOI:
Abstract:
The emulsion compounding technique facilitates the film formation of emulsions with high glass transition temperatures (Tg) at low temperatures and effectively avoids the problems of low hardness, poor adhesion and scratch resistance after film formation of conventional emulsions. In this paper, a series of phenylpropylene emulsions with different degrees of softness and hardness and different particle sizes were prepared by adjusting the proportion of soft and hard monomers, the amount of emulsifier and the synthesis process, using styrene (St), butyl acrylate (BA), acrylic acid (AA) and ectohexyl acrylate (EHA) as monomers. Through the tests of infrared, viscosity, particle size, surface morphology, water absorption, contact angle and mechanical properties, the effects of different hard phase ratios and different particle size ratios on the basic properties of the blended emulsions, films and coatings were investigated, and the emulsion models of the blended systems with different particle size ratios were constructed. The results show that there are obvious differences between the properties of conventional emulsions and compounded emulsions, and the emulsions after compounding have smaller particle sizes, a more stable system, and a significant decrease in the water absorption rate of the adhesive film. In the compounded emulsion, when the proportion of hard phase increased from 30% to 60%, the water absorption of the emulsion film decreased from 3.95% to 2.65%, the contact angle increased from 75.45° to 104.15°, and the tensile strength of the film increased in a gradient with the increase of the proportion of hard phase, but the film became brittle when the proportion of hard phase exceeded 60%. The larger the particle size ratio of the compounded emulsion, the more difficult the blended emulsion is to form a film at room temperature, and the water resistance and mechanical properties of the blended film were better with Ms:Mh=50:50 (soft and hard phase ratio). When the emulsions were applied to waterborne coatings, the gloss of the film could reach up to 81.4° when the ratio of hard phase was 30%, the impact resistance could reach up to 100 cm, the hardness of the film could be increased from B to H when the ratio of hard phase was increased from 30% to 50%, and the comprehensive performance of the film with Ms:Mh=50:50 emulsion was better.
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CHEN Mu-hua, SUN Chen-hui, JI Zhen, CHEN Peng, TAN Ji-huai, WANG Fang, ZHU Xin-bao
2025,42(3), DOI:
Abstract:
The brittleness of epoxy resin limits its applications and it must be toughened to meet the requirements of industry. Herein, bio-based eugenol-silicone epoxy resin was developed via etherification and heterogeneous hydrosilylation reactions using eugenol, epichlorohydrin, as well as heptamethyltrisiloxane as feedstocks and it was then used to toughen bisphenol A epoxy resin (E-51). Toensurethequalityandauthenticityoftheproduct,Fouriertransforminfraredspectroscopy(FT-IR),nuclearmagneticresonance(1HNMR),differentialscanningcalorimetry(DSC),andauniversaltestingmachinewereemployedforcomprehensivecharacterizationandperformancetesting.TheFT-IRand1HNMRanalysisconfirmedthesuccessfulsynthesisofthetargetproduct,ES-EP.Distinctively,the? heterogeneouscatalyzedhydrosilylationreactionachievedaconversionrateof91%,andthecatalyst canberecycled.Furthermore,theepoxyvalueoftheproductwasdeterminedtobe0.251mol/100g. Compared to the reference sample, when 10wt% ESEP was incorporated into the epoxy resin system, the tensile strength, flexural strength, and impact strength of cured product (10%ES-EP/E-51) were remarkably increased by 21.49%, 18.01%, and 31.59%, respectively. Additionally, the glass transition temperature and thermostable temperature were both higher than the traditional epoxy resin (approximately 10℃). All of the results indicated that eugenol-silicone epoxy resin could efficiently
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ZHANG Xinyan, YANG Jie, WEI Zhong, YANG Wei
2025,42(3), DOI:
Abstract:
Based on sodium sulfate decahydrate (SSD) and disodium hydrogen phosphate (DHPD) as binary eutectic components, the composite eutectic phase change materials (SD) were prepared by physical blending with the addition of bacterial cellulose (BC) and nucleating agent (borax and sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate). After that boron nitride (BN) was introduced to prepare composite eutectic phase change materials with enhanced thermal conductivity. The effect of m(SSD)∶m(DHPD) on the physical properties of SD were investigated based on the measurement of phase change temperature and latent heat, and the optimal ratio was selected. The effect of BN on heat transfer and cyclic stability of thermally conductive composite eutectic phase change materials were evaluated through characterizations with subcooling, phase separation, thermal conductivity and thermal cycling tests. The resulting thermally conductive composite eutectic phase change materials were applied to thermal management of model buildings to evaluate their thermal management capability. The results showed that the supercooling degree of SD was reduced to 3.4 °C after adding a mass fraction of 3% nucleating agents (percentage of the total mass of SSD and DHPD, the same below). The phase separation phenomenon of SD was eliminated after adding BC with a mass fraction of 0.5%. Effective control of the phase change temperature between 31 and 38 °C was achieved for the prepared SD. When adding a mass fraction of 5% BN (mass percentage of SD64, the same below), the thermal conductivity of composite eutectic phase change materials 5BN-SD64 increased from 0.81 of SD64 to 1.20 W/(m·K), and their phase change latent heat decreased from 205.3 J/g of SD64 to 199.6 J/g, while maintaining a phase change temperature of 31.2 °C. Moreover, the latent heat retention rate of the 5BN-SD64 was more than 93% after 50 thermal cycles. The 5BN-SD64 was used for the thermal management application of model buildings, reducing indoor temperature fluctuation of 5.6 °C.
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XU wen-yao, YANG shi-lei, YU xiao-qiang, shiwenhua
2025,42(3), DOI:
Abstract:
Aldehydes and ketones are widely used in organic synthesis intermediates, pharmaceuticals and fragrances, etc., the development of new methods for their green synthesis is of great scientific significance. In this paper, visible-light induced iron-catalyzed oxidation reaction of benzyl alcohols for the synthesis of aldehydes and ketones was developed. The optimal conditions for the reaction were confirmed: FeCl3 (10 mol%) as catalyst, oxygen in air as oxidant, acetonitrile as solvent at room temperature for 12 h under visible light irradiation (400 nm wavelength).The product yield was up to 88% under optimal reaction conditions. All products were characterized by 1H NMR and 13C NMR.
