The ZB-2 alkali anion exchange fiber column separating and purifying capsaicinoids from capsicum was investigated in the experiment. Through analyzing the SEM before and after the absorption of capsaicinoids by ion exchange fiber, its absorptive ability was determined. And the absorbed compound was capsaicinoids through analyzing the infrared spectrum. Then the relation between the pH, the mass concentration, the flow velocity and the absorptive capacity was investigated. Furthermore, the relation between the ethanol volume score, the flow velocity, the ethanol volume and the desorptive speed was discussed. Then the optimum technology condition was obtained. Under the condition, the capsaicinoids content enhanced from 4.5 % to 92.0 %, and the yield reached 72.3 %. The result indicates that the ion exchange fiber can separate and purify capsaicinoids.