The extraction rates for oil from Gonocaryum lobbianum (Merr.) Kurz fruit using three different methods, saxhlet extraction, ultrasonic extraction, and accelerated solvent extraction, were compared. The optimal ultrasonic processing conditions were explored by orthogonal experiments. The oil extracted by three methods was analyzed respectively using GC-MS, and their compositions and relative content of each fatty acid were determined. The optimal conditions for extraction consist of material-liquid ratio at 1:9, extracting duration of 10 min, ultrasonic output power of 400W, and 70℃ temperature.The highest oil yield was 31.21% under these conditions. GC-MS analysis showed that fruit oil extracted by three methods contained 7,9,and 8 kinds of fatty acids respectively; The fatty acid with the largest content was 13-Octadecenoic acid(70.86,68.71,69.92%), followed by Hexadecanoic acid(17.58,19.95,18.73%), then Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-( 5.12,6.00,5.96%), The total contents of unsaturated fatty acids were 80.61,78.68,79.88%.