The rheological behavior of cationic gemini surfactant (C18-4-C18•2Br) solution and the influencing factors, such as, surfactant concentration, sodium salicylate concentration and temperature, were investigated. The viscosity of gemini surfactant solution increases with the increase of surfactant concentration. Both the viscosity and the viscoelasticity of gemini surfactant solution undergoes a maximum with the addition of sodium salicylate. Temperature has a great effect on the viscosity of gemini surfactant solution. The addition of sodium salicylate can enhance the resistance performance of gemini surfactant solution to the temperature. TEM experiments show that appropriate amount of sodium salicylate adding in the gemini surfactant solution can lead to the transition of surfactant micelles from spherical micelles to wormlike micelles, however, overmuch addition of sodium salicylate will bring about the formation of vesicles in the gemini surfactant solution.