Preparation of β-cyclodextrin/vanillin microcapsules through spray-drying method has been investigated by evaluation of loading efficiency and loading rate of the microcapsules. The optimal production conditions are as follows: ρ(β-cyclodextrin)= 79.5g?L-1, n (vanillin)∶n (β-cyclodextrin) = 0.8∶1.0, V (anhydrous ethanol)∶V (water) = 1∶10, inlet temperature =130 癈, drying air speed= 3.9 m?s-1, flow rate= 15 mL?min-1. Loading efficiency and loading rate of the product were 69.1% and 10.6 %, respectively. FTIR spectra were used to prove intermolecular interaction between vanillin and β-cyclodextrin. TG-DSC results confirmed the thermal stability of vanillin was improved after encapsulating by β-cyclodextrin. The particle size analysis suggested that variation value of the average particle sizes of β-cyclodextrin was in the range of 0.14μm ~ 1.2μm and that of product was in the range of 0.011μm ~ 0.22μm during 50 days storage, the latter was much smaller than the former, which further certificated the fabrication of supramolecular microcapsules.