A novel MgO/CNTs solid base catalyst for catalytic distillation was prepared by the method of sol-gel. The Aldol condensation performances of these catalysts were tested by using acetone as the model reactant. The influence of some preparation parameters on this reaction was investigated. The results indicated that the molar ratio of Mg(NO3)2?6H2O to CH3(CH2)16COOH was 1:4, Dipping temperature was 110℃, aging time was 20.0h, calcination temperature was 450℃, calcination time was 3.0h . Under the optimum preparation conditions, the conversion of acetone was 3.96% and the selectivity to diacetone alcohol was 100%.