Lignins were extracted from Malania oleifera shell and branch by traditional alkaline method, ultrasound-assisted method and microwave-assisted method．The yields and the contents of lignins in Malania oleifera shell and branch were determined. Meanwhile, the lignins obtained were structurally analyzed by infrared and (IR) and UV spectroscopy. The contents of lignin in Malania oleifera shell and branch were 44.41(±0.65)% and 34.57(±0.52)% respectively by Klason method, the lignins extraction rates reached 45.21(±0.59)% and 63.78(±0.73)% respectively from Malania oleifera shell and branch under the conditions of ultrasound- assisted extraction at 40℃ water bath for 1 hour with 0.5 mol/L KOH water as the solvent and the solvent/material ratio of 30:1 (mL/g). UV and IR spectral analyses showed that the lignin extracted by ultrasound-assisted method remained its original structure，there were many syringyl and guaiacyl groups in Malania oleifera shell and branch. And compared the relative molecular weight of lignins extracted by three different extraction methods with viscosity method.