1,5-dichloroanthraquinone was nitrated with mixed acid in 1,2-dichloroethane to form 1,5-di chloro-4-nitroanthraquinone, followed by nucleophilic displacing the chlorine atom located opposite the nitro group with an excess of diethanolamine to give a red dye polymerizing monomer containing anthraquinone: 1-[N,N-β-dihydroxyethyl)]amino-5-chloro-4-nitroanthraquinone. It has been found that the optimum process technology of synthesizing 1,5-dichloro-4-nitroanthra-quinine and 1-[N,N-β-di- hydroxyethyl)]amino-5-chloro-4-nitroanthraquinone via investigating some different factors effecting the synthetic process, of which 1,5-dichloro-4-nitroanthraquinone will be obtained in 95% at the foll- owing optimum conditions: n(HNO3) : n(1,5-dichloroan-thraquinone) = 2.00 : 1.00, mixed acid [n(H2SO4) : n(HNO3) = 2.0 : 1.0], reaction temperature 20℃, and reaction time 4h. And 1-[N,N-β-di- hydroxyethyl)]amino-5-chloro-4-nitroanthraquinone will be obtained with ?max1 = 393.5 nm, ?max2 = 514.6 nm, and the yield of 81.5% at the following optimum conditions: n(diethanolamine) : n(1,5-dichloro-4-nitroanthraquinone) = 5.00 : 1.00，reaction temperature 40℃, and reaction time 10h. The chemical structures of the two obtained compounds were characterized with melting point, MS, and 1H NMR.