Abstract: Tetrahydropyrrole Spirocyclic Phosphoramidate, a kind of flame retardant synthesized by ourselves, was used in cotton fabrics flame retardant finishing combined with polyacrylate resin adhesive. The flame retardant finishing conditions were optimized by orthogonal design method. It was found that the better finishing conditions are: the ratio of flame retardant and adhesive is 1.5:1(w:w), the ratio of cotton fabric and flame retardant adhesive is 60:40, the cure temperature is 140 ℃ and the cure time is 1.5min. Under the better condition, the LOI of the cotton raises from 18.2% to 28.9%, the flame retardant level reaches B1 level, and the breaking force increases from 364N（warp-wise）and 320N（across warp）to 917N（warp-wise）and 472N（across warp）N, which indicates that TPSP improves not only cotton’s flame retardancy but also the strength. Thermogravimetric Analysis results show that the cotton’s initial decomposition temperature reduces from 314.5℃ to 287.6℃，down 26.9℃ and the residue at 600℃ increases from 0.29% to 38.87%，up 38.58%, which indicates that TPSP improves effectively cotton charred form performance.