Palygorskite/ polyhydroxy dendrimer polymer composite material was prepared by divergent method using cyanuric chloride, 4-(aminomethyl)piperidine, salicylaldehyde and reduced salicylaldehyde Schiff base modified palygorskite with NaBH4 as raw material. The structures of composite materials were characterized by FI-IR, TG and elemental analysis. The morphology of materials was measured by SEM. The adsorption capability of composite material for organic phenol or heavy metal ions was superior to palygorskite in aqueous solution. The results had indicated that the maximum adsorption capacity of the second generation dendrimers polymer/ palygorskite (PGS-G2) for p-nitrophenol, hydroquinone and Pb(II) was 35.3 mg/g, 34.02 mg/g, 44.8 mg/g at 293K, pH 5.0 and the amount of the adsorbent was 10 mg when the initial concentration was 50 mg/L. The adsorption kinetics data indicated that the adsorption fitted well with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model.