Sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) is one of the main factors causing microbial corrosion and environment pollution in the oil field water injection system. SRB can lead to the corrosion of metal pipelines and equipment, and the corrosion product ferrous sulfide and ferrous hydroxide and bacteria itself can be packaged by oil parcel causing plugging of pipeline and formation. In addition, the polyacrylamide polymer can be degraded in the presence of SRB, consequently affecting the subsequent development of enhancing oil recovery. At present, the most common and effective method to inhibit SRB in oil field is the chemical method. In this paper, we summarized the commonly used SRB chemical inhibitor in water-flooding and according to the sterilization mechanism the inhibitor can be divided into two types: oxidation inhibitors and non-oxidation inhibitor. Due to the different formation and the production process, the different kinds of chemical inhibitors should be adopted for water injection. Therefore, reseaching the novel, high efficiency and environment friendly SRB inhibitors is important in the future work.