The glucose type anionic surfactant is synthesized by D-glucose, dodecylamine and glyoxylic acid as raw materials. The chemical structures of the product was characterized by means of FTIR ,1HNMR and elemental analysis. The surface tension, HLB value and foaming properties of the product were respectively measured by ring method, CMC method and improved Ross-Miles method. The results showed that the surface tension of glucose type anionic surfactant was 39.82mN/m，the micelle concentration was 0.031mmol/L and the HLB value was 16.46. It was also shown that the glucose type anionic surfactant had excellent foaming ability and foam stability.