3-acetyl-N-butyl-2-methyl-5-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxy-butyl) Pyrrol was synthesized by cyclization reaction and alkylation reaction, then its structure was confirmed by 1HNMR, 13CNMR, IR and HRMS spectra. The thermo-gravimetric was studied by themogravimetry-derivative themogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DTG-DSC). Its pyrolysis behavior was investigated by pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS) at 300, 600, 900 ℃ and the application of the target compound in cigarette flavoring was studied. The results indicated that the initial pyrolysis temperature of the target compound was 137.6℃, and the secondary pyrolysis temperature was 224.9℃. The thermal mass loss of the target compound reached about 65% at 900 ℃. 58 pyrolysis products were detected，including the flavorous substances such as 2,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole, 1-(1-methyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)-ethanone and 3-acetyl-2,4-dimethylpyrrole, and the amount of total products increased with the increase of temperature. The target compound could improve and increase aroma quality, and with the concentration of 0.003%, it showed the most appropriate flavoring effect. Possible pyrolysis mechanism of 3-acetyl-N-butyl-2-methyl-5-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxy-butyl) Pyrrol was preliminarily discussed, which would provide a reference for the study of its conversion behavior in cigarette combustion process.