Combining with the domestic and foreign research present, the article summarized and analyzed the aqueous ink's dispersion stability mechanism and the main factors influencing the dispersion. The results shows that wettability of pigment, pigment particle size and particle size distribution, the properties of resin, the viscosity and pH value of the ink are closely related to the dispersion of aqueous ink; Then, this paper expounded several main ways to improve dispersion and dispersion stability, including the surface modification of pigment, using surfactant or super dispersant, morphology design of pigment and the pre dispersion of pigment. Furthermore put forward that with the further adjustment of the national industry, environment-friendly aqueous ink will gradually replace the traditional solvent based ink, so improving the quality of water-based ink has been the first priority.