The formation principle and evaluation indicators of supercritical CO2 microemulsion were introduced based on the basic properties of supercritical CO2 fluid. The research and development status of fluorine surfactants and hydrocarbon surfactants in supercritical CO2 microemulsion was summarized specially. Moreover, the latest application progress of supercritical CO2 microemulsion system in textile was reviewed, and its application values in the clean processing of textile materials such as pretreatment, dyeing, finishing and fiber modification were obtained. It is indicated that the application of supercritical CO2 microemulsion in the textile, material, chemistry, biology and other fields should be broadened by strengthening the research on the basic theory of supercritical CO2 microemulsion and by establishment supercritical CO2 / ionic liquid microemulsion system.